Texto inglés 2

Biology / Ecology

Vocabulario

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studies the distribution and abundance of living , and the between organisms and their environment. The habitat of an organism can be described as the local factors such as climate and ecology, in addition to the other organisms and biotic factors that share its environment. One reason that biological can be difficult to study is that so many different interactions with other organisms and the environment are possible, even on the smallest of scales. A bacterium responding to a local sugar gradient is responding to its environment as much as a lion is responding to its environment when it searches for food in the African savanna. For any given species, behaviors can be co-operative, aggressive, , or . Matters become more complex when two or more different interact in an ecosystem. Studies of this type are within the province of ecology.
Ecological systems are studied at several different levels, from and populations to ecosystems and the . The term population biology is often used interchangeably with ecology, although population biology is more frequently used when studying diseases, , and microbes, while population ecology is more commonly when studying plants and . As can be surmised, ecology is a science that draws on several .
Ethology studies animal behavior ( that of social animals such as and ), and is sometimes considered a branch of . Ethologists have been particularly concerned with the of behavior and the understanding of behavior in terms of the theory of natural selection. In one sense, the first modern was Charles Darwin, whose book, The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals, influenced many ethologists to come.